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Stupas are hemispherical structures in Buddhism, initially built to contain or memorialize a Buddhist relic. Examples include the Borobudur temple and the stupa at Mohenjo-Daro. They symbolized Mount Meru and transitioned into a Buddhist center of worship.
Explanation:
Stupas are hemispherical structures that were built to serve a significant role in Buddhism. They were originally built to contain or memorialize a Buddhist relic, usually associated with the Buddha himself or a significant Buddhist monk. Over time, the purpose and architecture of stupas evolved, and they became more elaborate and adopted as essential elements of Buddhist monastic complexes. A prominent example of a stupa is the temple of Borobudur showcased in Figure 5.18, which contains over seventy-two perforated stupas. Another historical stupa is found at Mohenjo-Daro in present-day Pakistan, dating back to around 2500 BCE as shown in Figure 3.25.
Stupas, representing Mount Meru, the dwelling place of the gods in Hindu religion, later transformed into a Buddhist center of worship. Thus, in addition to their religious symbolism, stupas provide valuable insight into historical shifts in religious beliefs and practices. An example of a stupa is the Borobudur temple in Indonesia, which is the world's largest Buddhist monument and is adorned with magnificent artwork.
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