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For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that:

A. The surface antigens of the pathogen stay the same.
B. All of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified.
C. The pathogen has only one epitope.
D. The major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules are heterozygous.

Answer :

For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that the surface antigens of the pathogen stay the same

Explain the development of a vaccine

Each vaccine under development must first be screened and evaluated to decide which antigen should be employed to elicit an immunological response.

  • This preclinical phase is carried out without the use of human subjects.
  • An experimental vaccination is initially tested in animals to determine its safety and potential for disease prevention.
  • If the vaccine elicits an immunological response, it is subsequently examined in three stages in human clinical trials.

Phase 1

A limited number of volunteers are given the vaccine to test its safety, ensure that it produces an immunological response, and select the appropriate dosage.

  • Vaccines are often tested at this phase on young, healthy adult volunteers.

Phase 2

The vaccine is then administered to hundreds of volunteers in order to test its safety and capacity to elicit an immunological response.

  • Participants in this phase share similar characteristics (such as age and gender) with those for whom the vaccination is intended.
  • During this phase, several trials are routinely conducted to examine various age groups and vaccine formulations.
  • A non-vaccinated group is generally included in the phase as a comparative group to assess if the changes in the vaccinated group are due to the vaccination or occur by coincidence.

Hence, the correct answer is option A

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Rewritten by : Jeany

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