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Answer :
Final answer:
The order of immediacy behaviors, actions promoting closeness in interactions, can shape judgments through primacy and recency effects. Early positive nonverbal cues may lead to favorable lasting impressions, while later cues can alter the final impression. Incorrectly interpreting these cues can lead to negative outcomes, as perceptions are formed based on the sequence of behaviors observed.
Explanation:
The sequencing of immediacy behaviors can significantly affect judgments of interactants in various social situations. Immediacy behaviors refer to actions that promote closeness and nonverbal intimacy through gestures such as eye contact, facial expressions, and body orientation. The order in which these behaviors are observed can alter the perception of the individuals engaged in the interaction.
For instance, according to Miller and Campbell (1959), the recency effect in persuasion suggests that the most recent information is often the most influential when it comes to judgment and decision-making. Conversely, the primacy effect, as researched by Igou and Bless (2003), implies that the information presented first can have a lasting impact on an individual's evaluation of an argument or behavior.
Applying these principles to immediacy behaviors, if a person displays positive nonverbal cues early in an interaction, the primacy effect may lead to a favorable impression that endures throughout the interaction. Similarly, immediacy behaviors exhibited later can leverage the recency effect to alter or strengthen the final impression. As highlighted by Hebl et al. (2002), misinterpretation of immediacy cues due to stereotypes can lead to negative judgements such as perceiving someone as distant or incompetent, which could influence outcomes in settings like job interviews.
The context in which immediacy behaviors occur and their sequence can, therefore, have a profound effect on social judgment and the dynamics of the relationship being formed, whether it be friendly, professional, or romantic.
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