Answer :

Final answer:

Pathogens cause diseases by multiplying within a host's tissues and releasing toxins, leading to varied clinical signs and symptoms depending on the pathogen's virulence. Transmission can occur via several routes, necessitating comprehensive public health strategies. Diagnosis involves observing symptoms and patient history to identify the causative pathogen.

Explanation:

If pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

Pathogens cause disease by invading and multiplying in the host's tissues, leading to various clinical signs and symptoms based on the severity and virulence of the pathogen. For example, Clostridium tetani releases toxins that can cause tetanus, characterized by muscle paralysis. The virulence of pathogens varies greatly, with some like the poliovirus causing symptoms in less than 5% of infected individuals, while others like CJD prions are highly virulent, leading to severe disease and death in every case.

Transmission of pathogens can occur through various routes including airborne transmission, direct contact, and vector-borne spread, making it critical for public health measures to address these paths. Clinicians diagnose diseases caused by pathogens by observing clinical signs and symptoms, and through understanding patient history, aiding in identifying the causative agent despite the overlapping symptoms caused by different pathogens.

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