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Which of the following equations would model a population with an initial size of 625 that is growing at an annual rate of [tex]$8.5\%$[/tex]?

1. [tex]P = 625(8.5)^t[/tex]
2. [tex]P = 625(1.085)^t[/tex]
3. [tex]P = 1.085^t + 625[/tex]
4. [tex]P = 8.5t^2 + 625[/tex]

Answer :

To find the correct equation modeling the population growth, let's break down the problem:

1. Understand the Problem: We need an equation that represents a population with an initial size of 625, growing annually at a rate of 8.5%. This is a typical scenario for exponential growth.

2. Exponential Growth Formula: In exponential growth, the population at any time [tex]\( t \)[/tex] can be modeled by the formula:
[tex]\[
P = P_0 \times (1 + r)^t
\][/tex]
where:
- [tex]\( P \)[/tex] is the population after time [tex]\( t \)[/tex],
- [tex]\( P_0 \)[/tex] is the initial population,
- [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is the growth rate (as a decimal),
- [tex]\( t \)[/tex] is the time in years.

3. Apply the Values:
- The initial population [tex]\( P_0 \)[/tex] is 625.
- The growth rate [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is 8.5%, which is 0.085 in decimal form.

4. Substitute into the Formula:
[tex]\[
P = 625 \times (1 + 0.085)^t
\][/tex]
Simplifying:
[tex]\[
P = 625 \times (1.085)^t
\][/tex]

5. Match with the Options:
- (1) [tex]\( P = 625 \times (8.5)^t \)[/tex] is incorrect because it uses the growth factor 8.5 instead of 1.085.
- (2) [tex]\( P = 625 \times (1.085)^t \)[/tex] is the correct representation as it matches our derived formula.
- (3) [tex]\( P = 1.085^t + 625 \)[/tex] does not follow the exponential growth formula.
- (4) [tex]\( P = 8.5 t^2 + 625 \)[/tex] is not an exponential model and incorrectly applies the growth concept.

Therefore, the equation that correctly models the population growth is option (2): [tex]\( P = 625 \times (1.085)^t \)[/tex].

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Rewritten by : Jeany