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Answer :
Final answer:
The utilitarian tradition relies on intuition to determine the ethical validity of decisions, emphasizing the maximization of overall happiness as per rule utilitarianism and informed by moral intuitions shaped by evolutionary and social factors.
Therefore correct option is C
Explanation:
The utilitarian tradition relies on c. Intuition for deciding on the ethical legitimacy of alternative decisions. This stems from the fundamental approach of utilitarianism, which is to seek the greatest overall happiness or the least amount of suffering. Utilitarianism evaluates the consequences of actions and decides on the ethical course based on the collective well-being that those actions produce. This tradition includes rule utilitarianism, which suggests using the greatest happiness principle to assess moral rules for their potential to increase overall happiness. Moreover, the concept of trolley problems serves as thought experiments in examining moral reasoning within the utilitarian framework, testing our moral intuitions in complex ethical situations.
Utilitarian judgment, as discussed by philosophers like John Stuart Mill, may consider both qualitative and quantitative aspects of pleasure, pointing towards a subtle understanding of utilitarian calculus. However, intuitions play a significant part, because the philosophical methodologies in such moral deliberations consider our intuitive judgments, which are informed by evolutionary, social, and cultural contexts. Even in the face of skepticism, where the possibility of certain knowledge is questioned, utilitarianism often relies on intuitive assessments of potential outcomes
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