Thank you for visiting By the 1970s there was growing recognition that the consequences of radiation exposure to human health depended on which and had been irradiated. This page is designed to guide you through key points and clear explanations related to the topic at hand. We aim to make your learning experience smooth, insightful, and informative. Dive in and discover the answers you're looking for!
Answer :
Final answer:
The health effects of radiation exposure vary depending on the organs and tissues affected. Long-term risks include cancer and genetic defects, while tissues such as bone marrow and intestinal tissue are most sensitive to radiation. The linear hypothesis suggests even low doses of radiation carry some risk.
Explanation:
By the 1970s, it was recognized that the consequences of radiation exposure to human health depended on which organs and tissues had been irradiated. The health effects of radiation depend on numerous factors, including the type of radioactivity, the length of exposure, and the particular tissues exposed.
The long-term effects of radiation, such as cancer and genetic defects, are caused by the interference of radiation with cell reproduction. Studies of the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as groups like radium dial painters, have provided insight into these effects. Notably, Chernobyl disaster victims also provided valuable data regarding the health impacts of radiation, such as the significant increase in childhood thyroid cancer. The risk of radiation-induced cancer for low and moderate levels of exposure is generally assumed to be proportional to the high-dose risk, based on the linear hypothesis.
The tissues most sensitive to radiation include bone marrow, intestinal tissue, hair follicles, and reproductive organs, which all consist of rapidly dividing cells. Research has shown that long-term effects of radiation can be cumulative, with little self-repair capability by the body. This is similar to how the risk of skin cancer from UV exposure accumulates over time. Hence, any dose of radiation, irrespective of size, carries a health risk.
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