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Music Appreciation

1. Fill in the chart showing the development of Western musical notation by describing which

elements of music were represented by each type of notation. Examples might include exact pitch,

melodic shape, rhythm, meter, or other musical parameters. (5 pts.)

Type of Notation

Earliest

Most Recent

• Neumes above text

• Neumes

.

.

.

Neumes

4-line staff

• F, C, or G clef

.

Colored lines

Notes on 5-line staff with

clef

.

Mensuration (longas and

breves)

. Time signature (perfect or

half circle)

• Notes on 5-line staff

.

• Modern clefs

. Modern note values

(whole, half, quarter, etc..)

. Modern time signature

• Italian words and

.

abbreviations for dynamics

and tempo

• Staccato, slurs, etc..

.

What it Showed

Points

Earned

Music Appreciation 1 Fill in the chart showing the development of Western musical notation by describing which elements of music were represented by each type

Answer :

Neumes: Showed melodic shape, not exact pitch. 4-line staff: Indicated pitch relative to other notes. Clefs: Placed notes on the staff at specific pitches. Mensuration: Indicated relative note length. Time signature: Specified meter and number of beats per measure. Modern notation: Shows pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and articulation.

Early Stages (Neumes)

Elements Represented: Melodic shape, not exact pitch.

Notation System: Small symbols (neumes) above the text of chants, indicating the rise and fall of the melody.

Evolution of Staff Notation (10th-16th Centuries)

Development of Staff: Lines added to neumes to indicate relative pitch. Four-line staff becomes the standard.

Clefs: Introduced to fix the position of notes on the staff at specific pitches (F, C, or G).

Mensuration: Symbols like "longas" and "breves" indicate the relative duration of notes.

Refining Notation (17th-19th Centuries)

Five-line Staff: Becomes standard, with the addition of the E line.

Modern Clefs: Treble, bass, alto, and tenor clefs become widely used.

Modern Note Values: Whole, half, quarter, eighth, sixteenth notes, etc., indicate precise note lengths.

Time Signature: Replaces mensuration, specifying meter (e.g., 4/4) and number of beats per measure.

Further Developments (20th Century)

Articulation and Dynamics: Symbols like staccato and sforzando indicate how notes should be played.

Italian Terms: Terms like "piano" and "forte" specify volume.

Modern Notation: Combines all these elements to precisely represent pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and articulation.

This is a simplified overview, and each stage of development involved further refinements and variations.

However, it captures the key elements of how Western musical notation evolved from simple indications of melody to a comprehensive system for capturing complex musical ideas.

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Rewritten by : Jeany

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