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Answer :
Final answer:
Drug resistance refers to the capacity of microbes to grow and persist despite the presence of medication. It arises from genetic changes due to factors like misuse of drugs and poor patient adherence to treatments.
Explanation:
Drug resistance is the ability of microbes, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, to withstand the effects of medications that were once effective against them. When a drug becomes less effective, it's often because the infectious organism has undergone genetic changes. In the case of viruses like HIV, the problem is compounded due to the virus's high mutation rate it can quickly become resistant to treatment.
This resistance can be prompted by various factors, such as the overuse and misuse of antibacterial drugs, exposure to subtherapeutic doses, and poor patient compliance with drug therapies. In a healthcare setting, this results in a selection pressure that favors drug-resistant strains. Drug resistance mechanisms include enzymatic modification of the drug, alteration of the drug's target in the microbe, and blocking drug penetration.
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