High School

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Life Cycles:

1. Pathogen infects young developing tissue or buds.
2. Conidia infect host tissue.
3. Leaf and fruit symptoms develop.
4. Developing asci break from leaf surface.
5. Ascospore is produced.
6. Budding ascospore can asexually produce new conidia to reinfect tissue in the same season.
7. Ascospores are moved through the air.
8. Conidia are transferred with falling water.
9. Pathogen overwinters as conidium.

Questions:

a) During which stage of its life cycle does the pathogen infect young developing tissue or buds?

b) Which structure is responsible for infecting host tissue in the life cycle?

c) What is the resistant survival stage of the pathogen?

d) During wet years, what is recommended to control the pathogen?

Answer :

Final answer:

The pathogen infects young developing tissue or buds during its asexual stage, with conidia being the structure responsible for host infection. The resistant survival stage is the conidium, and in wet years, fungicide applications and cultural practices are recommended to control the pathogen.

Explanation:

In the life cycle of a pathogen that involves both asexual and sexual stages, the pathogen initially infects young developing tissue or buds during its asexual phase through structures called conidia, which are specialized for infecting host tissue. These conidia can also reproduce asexually, generating more conidia that can continue the infection cycle within the same season. When conditions are not favorable, such as during winter, the pathogen can overwinter as a more resistant conidium, thus acting as the resistant survival stage of the pathogen. In wet years, when the pathogen's growth and spread can accelerate due to the moisture necessary for its spores to survive, control strategies are often recommended. These may include fungicide applications, cultural practices such as crop rotation and removing infected plant debris, and monitoring weather conditions to predict and manage outbreaks.

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Rewritten by : Jeany