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Answer :
Final answer:
The destruction or removal of vegetative pathogens (but not endospores) from inanimate surfaces is known as disinfection. It can be achieved through methods like heat, radiation, filtration, or the use of chemical disinfectants. Although disinfection reduces the microbial load, it doesn't lead to sterilization as endospores often survive due to their resistance to harsh conditions.
Explanation:
The term for the destruction or removal of vegetative pathogens (but not endospores) from inanimate surfaces is disinfection. Disinfection involves using antimicrobial chemicals or heat to inactivate most microbes on the surface of a fomite (any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms, such as viruses or bacteria), such as door knobs, toys, towels, laboratory benches, etc. However, it’s important to note that disinfection does not lead to sterilization as it typically does not kill endospores, which are resistant forms of bacteria that can withstand harsh conditions.
Heat, radiation, filtration, and desiccation (drying) are some of the common control methods used for disinfection. Heat kills microbes by altering their membranes and denaturing their proteins. Chemical disinfectants are also used for disinfection, with their effectiveness varying based on factors like exposure length, disinfectant concentration, and temperature. For instance, high-level germicides, a type of chemical disinfectant, can kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses and endospores and can result in sterilization with extended use.
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