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The philosophical method that describes hypothetical situations and relies on intuitive understanding is known as a Thought Experiment. Other methods like Reflective Equilibrium and Conceptual Analysis allow philosophers to examine concepts and ideas more closely, reinforcing their understandings.
Explanation:
The philosophical method that involves describing a hypothetical situation and relying on the reader's intuition is known as a Thought Experiment. This philosophical method enables a philosopher to test or compare abstract concepts to better understand their logical consequences and relationships. A pioneer of this method was Plato, who in The Republic, creates an elaborate thought experiment about an ideal city to explore the concept of justice.
The Thought Experiment provides a safe space for philosophers to explore the consequences of an idea without endangering real-world conditions. For instance, a philosopher questioning the nature of moral responsibility and free will might pose a hypothetical situation in which free choice is absent and question if moral responsibility still applies.
Another philosophical method mentioned is Reflective Equilibrium, which involves iterating between the coherence of a theory and judgments about specific applied cases to adjust principles, rules, or theories about general cases. In doing so, a balance, or equilibrium, is achieved wherein one's theoretical and practical beliefs coherently align.
Lastly, Conceptual Analysis is another philosophical tool frequently used to help clarify and comprehend premises or conclusions. It involves a deep examination of concepts to uncover their implicit assumptions, structures, and implications.
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