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Answer :
Final answer:
An antibody typically combines with the allergen C) it was formed in response to or a very similar allergen. On first exposure to the allergen, the immune system forms specific antibodies that bind to mast cells. On subsequent exposures, these antibodies interact with the allergen, causing an allergic reaction.
Explanation:
An antibody generally combines with the allergen it was formed in response to or a highly similar allergen. This process happens during what is called an allergic reaction. When the body is first exposed to an allergen, an immune system response is triggered whereby plasma cells synthesize specific antibodies known as IgE. These IgE antibodies bind to mast cells. However, the first exposure does not trigger a full allergic reaction. Instead, this process primes or sensitizes the immune system for subsequent exposures.
On the second exposure, the same allergens interact with the IgE antibodies, which is now bound to the mast cells. This interaction triggers the mast cells to release histamines and other chemicals that cause the symptoms of the allergy. These symptoms can range from mild reactions like sneezing, itching, and watery eyes to severe life-threatening reactions such as anaphylactic shock. Histamine release also stimulates eosinophils to release factors enhancing the allergic inflammatory response.
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