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The American dogwood, a flowering tree of New York State's woodlands, has been attacked by a fungal disease specific to this tree species. Many dogwoods have died because fungicides have not proven effective in fighting the spread of this disease.

Which term best describes the relationship between the dogwood trees and the fungus?

A) commensalism
B) mutualism
C) parasitism
D) predation

Answer :

The term that best describes the relationship between the American dogwood trees and the fungal disease specific to this tree species is option C. "parasitism."

Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship where one organism, known as the parasite, benefits at the expense of another organism, known as the host. In this case, the fungal disease is the parasite, and the American dogwood trees are the host. The fungal disease specifically attacks the dogwood trees, causing harm and eventually leading to their death.

The fungus obtains nourishment and resources from the trees, using them as a source of energy to grow and reproduce. As a result, the dogwood trees suffer significant negative effects, such as reduced vitality, decreased ability to reproduce, and eventual death. The fact that fungicides have not proven effective in fighting the spread of the disease further supports the parasitic nature of the relationship.

Fungicides are specifically designed to control or eliminate fungal infections, but their ineffectiveness indicates that the fungus has developed mechanisms to evade or resist their action. Overall, the relationship between the American dogwood trees and the fungal disease is characterized by parasitism, with the fungus benefiting from the trees while causing harm and damage to their health and survival. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

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