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Answer :
Final answer:
Option b
During translation elongation, the growing polypeptide chain transfers from the tRNA in the P site to the tRNA in the A site of the ribosome.
Explanation:
In the process of translation elongation, the growing polypeptide chain is transferred from a tRNA residing in the P site (peptidyl site) of the ribosome to a tRNA in the A site (aminoacyl site). This movement is enabled by elongation factors that hydrolyze GTP to provide energy for binding of a new aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site and its subsequent translocation to the P site following peptide bond formation.
The peptide bonds that link the amino acids are synthesized by an enzyme called peptidyl transferase, an integral component of the 50S ribosomal subunit.
After peptide bond formation, the A-site tRNA carrying the growing peptide chain shifts to the P site, and the now-empty tRNA in the P site moves to the E site (exit site), where it is then ejected from the ribosome. The process of translation elongation is highly efficient, with each amino acid addition taking only 0.05 seconds. Thus, a 200-amino-acid protein can be synthesized in just 10 seconds.
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