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Answer :
Final answer:
Science primarily relies on observation, which are critical elements of the scientific method, including hypothesis development and controlled experimentation. The correct option is (D). Observation.
Explanation:
Science relies on a variety of methods to gain knowledge, but among the options listed, the most aligned with scientific endeavors are deduction and observation. While intuition and authority can be components of the knowledge-gathering process, they are not the primary systems upon which science is based. It's important to understand that deductive reasoning is the form of logical thinking that begins with a general theory and leads to a specific conclusion after observing a body of information, whereas inductive reasoning uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. The scientific method indeed involves these types of reasoning and is characterized by systematic collection and evaluation of evidence to test ideas and answer questions.
Key Approaches in Science-
Observation - Collecting data from the natural world.
Deduction - Applying general principles to predict specific outcomes.
Induction - Forming general theories from specific observations.
Hypothesis Development - Proposing explanations for observations.
Controlled Experimentation - Testing hypotheses under controlled conditions.
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