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The philosophical method using hypothetical situations to rely on the reader's intuitions is known as a thought experiment. This method engages with the concept of intuition, which in philosophy, refers to insights into the nature of things rather than just gut feelings, and is used across various philosophical disciplines including ethics.
Explanation:
The philosophical method that involves describing a hypothetical situation and relying on the reader's intuitions about it is known as a thought experiment. When philosophers today refer to intuition, they are often tracing back to ideas from Plato, who believed that intuition involved an insight into the nature of things, distinct from a mere 'gut feeling' or 'hunch.' In contrast, it is more akin to the certainty one would associate with mathematical truths, such as the equation 2 + 2 = 4. Socratic dialogues also make use of hypothetical methods, reminding listeners of the conditional nature of conclusions drawn from such hypotheses.
These hypothetical situations allow philosophers to explore the implications of theories and concepts in a controlled manner. Ethicists, too, use this method to examine clear moral intuitions or judgments that are widely agreed upon. Thought experiments are powerful tools because they leverage our intuition, problem-solving skills, and experiences to shed light on philosophical issues. Yet, the use of intuition in philosophy must be cautious, especially when it extends into areas where consensus is absent, which may result in conflating intuition with belief or perspective. Recognizing the distinction between certain, evident intuitions and mere feelings or hunches is an essential skill for philosophers.
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