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Answer :
Final answer:
Antibodies can bind to multiple cells at once, leading to a process called agglutination. This neutralizes pathogens and prevents them from damaging human cells. Antibodies can inhibit infections in several ways.
Explanation:
The process where antibodies bind to more than one cell simultaneously, leading to rapid clumping, is termed as agglutination or aggregation. For instance, antibodies like IgG and IgM can bind to multiple pathogen cells simultaneously, leading to the formation of large aggregates.
These antibody-bound clusters are easier for organs like kidneys and spleen to filter from the blood and for the body's phagocytes to ingest and destroy. This neutralization of pathogens prevents them from damaging human cells.Moreover, antibodies can stop infections by blocking the antigen from attaching to the target, marking a pathogen for eradication by neutrophils or macrophages, or initiating the complement cascade.
These antibodies circulate in the blood stream and lymphatic systems and bind to the antigen whenever it is encountered. This binding action can inhibit an infection in several ways. Lastly, antibodies can cause inflammation and their presence in mucus and on skin can also prevent pathogen attack.
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