Answer :

Final answer:

The earliest European civilizations were primarily located in the Fertile Crescent region, stretching across modern-day countries of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. These civilizations were marked by increased populations, specialization of labor, urban settlements, and warfare. Their growth was facilitated by their proximity to waterways.

Explanation:

The earliest European civilizations have been traced back to the Neolithic period, with cities such as Jericho and Çatalhöyük among the first to emerge. However, the site to host these early European civilizations was the region known as the Fertile Crescent, which spans through the modern-day countries of Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. This area, besides some parts of South Asia and Africa, fostered the early development of urban settings, making it possible for the specialization of labor, the introduction of farming and increasing social stratification.

Attributes of these early civilizations included increased population brought about by intensive agriculture, allowing for the establishment of permanent settlements. As populations increased and crucial resources became more scarce, warfare became more frequent, with communities vying for control over these resources and production sites.

A crucial contributing factor to the development of these early civilizations was their proximity to waterways. Cities like Abydos in Egypt, Harappa in the Indus Valley, and Anyang in China all emerged close to water sources, which stimulated agricultural growth, craft specialization, regional trade, and the building of monumental architecture.

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