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The federal government is planning a hydroelectric project for a river basin. In addition to producing electric power, this project will provide flood control, irrigation, and recreational benefits. The estimated benefits and costs expected to be derived from the three alternatives under consideration are listed below:

1. Alternative 1:
- Estimated Benefits:
- Electric power: $X million
- Flood control: $Y million
- Irrigation: $Z million
- Recreation: $W million
- Estimated Costs: $A million

2. Alternative 2:
- Estimated Benefits:
- Electric power: $X' million
- Flood control: $Y' million
- Irrigation: $Z' million
- Recreation: $W' million
- Estimated Costs: $B million

3. Alternative 3:
- Estimated Benefits:
- Electric power: $X'' million
- Flood control: $Y'' million
- Irrigation: $Z'' million
- Recreation: $W'' million
- Estimated Costs: $C million

Please evaluate the alternatives based on the estimated benefits and costs provided.

Answer :

Final answer:

Hydroelectric projects such as dam construction by the federal government serve multiple purposes including power generation, flood control, irrigation, and recreation, as demonstrated by the Hoover Dam. Recently the trend is shifting towards the removal of older dams due to environmental and economic reasons. The planning of these projects carefully weighs the estimated benefits and costs.

Explanation:

The federal government frequently undertakes large-scale projects, such as dam creation, for a variety of purposes. Hydroelectric projects are primarily done to harness power generation, manage floods, provide irrigation, and offer recreational benefits. A prime example of this is the Hoover Dam, authorized by the Boulder Canyon Project Act in 1928..

This federal movement faced opposition because of the significant costs and potential environmental impact. However, the benefits accrued from such projects include the generation of hydroelectric power which is a significant part of US energy mix and irrigation capacity for agriculture that has led to the development of many fertile lands. The reservoirs from these dams also provide recreational venues.

In recent years though, there has been a growing trend of removing aging dams due to ecological and cost considerations. Some benefits of dam removal, such as the restoration of naturally fluctuating water levels, lead to increased biodiversity and improved water quality. These dam removal projects, similar to dam creation ones, present valuable data for future engineering efforts. These decisions all play into the planning of a new hydroelectric project and what benefits and costs are expected.

Learn more about Hydroelectric Projects here:

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