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Answer :
Final answer:
The cyclical process of infection due to pathogens involves exposure, adhesion, invasion, infection, and transmission.
Explanation:
The cyclical process of infection due to the presence of pathogens includes several components. These components are:
- Exposure: The pathogen enters the body through portals of entry, such as inhalation or ingestion.
- Adhesion: The pathogen attaches to host cells, allowing it to establish an infection.
- Invasion: The pathogen enters host tissues and multiplies.
- Infection: The host experiences signs and symptoms of the infection.
- Transmission: The pathogen leaves the host through portals of exit, such as coughing or sneezing, and can infect other individuals.
These components form a cyclical process as the pathogen moves through different stages of infection.
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The cyclical process of infection due to pathogens includes components such as pathogen encounter and entry, spread within the host, evasion of the immune system, damage to host cells, the host's immune response, exit and transmission, and survival outside the host.
The cyclical process that occurs when an infection takes place due to the presence of pathogens has several key components, which are typically included within the understanding of the immune response and the transmission of infectious diseases:
- Encounter with the pathogen: The host organism comes in contact with the pathogen.
- Entry of the pathogen: Pathogens enter the host through various means such as wounds, bites, ingestion, or other physical transfers.
- Spread within the host: After entering, the pathogen may spread locally or through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to various parts of the body.
- Evade or overcome the host's immune defenses: Certain pathogens have mechanisms to avoid being destroyed by the host's immune system.
- Damage to host cells and tissue: Pathogens cause disease by damaging host cells or by releasing toxins.
- Host's immune response: The cellular and humoral immune responses of the host work to eliminate the pathogen.
- Exit and transmission to a new host: Pathogens or their progeny leave the original host and are transmitted to new potential hosts.
- Survival outside the host: Some pathogens can survive outside the host in various environments awaiting a new host.
These components collectively contribute to the cyclical process of infection and play crucial roles in the progression and resolution of infectious diseases.
