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Answer :
The relationship between a mistletoe and a tree is parasitic, with the mistletoe benefiting at the expense of the tree's health. Mutualism and commensalism are other forms of symbiotic relationships where both species benefit and one benefits without harming the other, respectively. The correct option is 3.
The relationship between a mistletoe and a tree is an example of parasitism. This is because the mistletoe, which is a parasite, derives its nutrients and water from the host tree, to the detriment of the tree. The mistletoe embeds its roots into the tree's branches, absorbing the tree's resources and sometimes causing harm or even the death of the host tree should the infestation become severe.
In a mutualistic relationship, both species benefit from the interaction, such as the relationship between termites and the protists in their gut, or the lichen composed of a fungus and algae. In commensalism, one species benefits while the other is not significantly harmed or helped, like the case with trees and birds where the tree provides a place for the bird to nest.
Predation, another type of symbiotic relationship, is where one species feeds on another, such as with lions and zebras. However, predation differs from parasitism because predation typically results in the immediate death of the prey, whereas parasites do not usually kill their hosts quickly as they rely on them for a prolonged period.
Hence the correct option is 3.
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