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Answer :
Microbial antagonism refers to the protection provided by normal microbiota, which compete with pathogens to prevent their invasion and establishment in the body.
The best definition of "microbial antagonism" is E) the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body. Normal microbiota, sometimes referred to as the microbiome, occupy cellular binding sites and compete for nutrients, which prevents the attachment and proliferation of pathogens, essential steps in the establishment of an infection. Resident bacteria in regions like the vagina, upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract engage in such protective activities. The normal microbiota also contribute to the chemical defenses that form part of the innate, nonspecific host defenses.
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Rewritten by : Jeany
The best definition of "microbial antagonism" is E) the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body.
Microbial antagonism, also known as competitive exclusion or competitive inhibition, refers to the protective role of the normal microbiota (microorganisms naturally present in and on the body) against potential pathogens. These resident microbes compete with pathogens for nutrients, attachment sites, and other resources, making it challenging for pathogens to establish themselves and cause infections.
Option (A) is not the correct definition because it describes the potential invasion of pathogens rather than the protective role of normal microbiota. Option (B) describes the presence of resident bacteria but does not emphasize their role in protection against pathogens. Option (C) is partially correct but focuses on normal microbiota becoming pathogens, which is less relevant to microbial antagonism. Option (D) is not an accurate description of microbial antagonism.
Therefore, option (E) is the most accurate and comprehensive definition, emphasizing how normal microbiota protect the body by competing with and inhibiting pathogens, thereby maintaining health.
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