Answer :

Final answer:

A substance that reduces the number of pathogens present on a surface is known as a disinfectant.

Explanation:

A disinfectant is a chemical or physical agent that is used to reduce or eliminate the presence of pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, on surfaces. It works by killing or inactivating these microorganisms, thus reducing the risk of infection or contamination.

Disinfectants are commonly used in healthcare settings, food preparation areas, and households to maintain a clean and safe environment. The effectiveness of a disinfectant depends on various factors, including the type of pathogen, the concentration of the disinfectant, and the contact time required for it to work.

Different disinfectants have varying levels of effectiveness against different pathogens, so it's crucial to select the right one for the specific purpose. Common disinfectants include alcohol-based solutions, bleach, hydrogen peroxide, and quaternary ammonium compounds. In healthcare settings, the choice of disinfectant is carefully considered to ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers.

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