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Answer :
Final answer:
Sanitizing refers to the process of reducing the concentration of pathogens on a surface (like dishes, hospital surfaces, or our hands) to levels deemed safe. This is achieved usually through heat or application of antimicrobial chemicals. It differs from sterilization, which involves complete removal or killing of all types of microbes.
Explanation:
Sanitizing, as it pertains to health, refers to the process of reducing pathogens to safe levels on an inanimate surface, often called a fomite. This is accomplished through the application of heat, or the use of antimicrobial chemicals. For instance, commercial dishwashers used in restaurants typically use very high temperatures to kill most microbes, effectively sanitizing the dishes. Similarly, hospital surfaces are frequently sanitized using chemical disinfectants to prevent transmission of diseases between patients.
Another example of sanitization is how we clean our hands. Handwashing is a great example of a sanitization process where we significantly reduce the microbial load using gentle scrubbing and mild chemicals (like soap). This prevents the transmission of potentially harmful microbes.
It is important to note that sterilization and sanitization are different. Sterilization is the process of completely removing or killing all types of microbes, including endospores and viruses, whereas sanitization reduces the microbial population to safe levels, not necessarily eliminating all of them.
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