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Which of the following statements is true of the innate immune defenses?

A. There is usually a lag time from when the body is exposed to the pathogen to when the innate immune defenses respond.
B. It is most effective against one particular type of pathogen.
C. It creates a memory of the particular pathogen for future exposure.
D. Exposure rate of the pathogen does not matter for its maximum effectiveness.

Answer :

Final answer:

The true statement about innate immune defenses is that the exposure rate of the pathogen does not matter for its maximum effectiveness since the innate response is immediate and non-specific.

Explanation:

In regard to the innate immune defenses, they are characterized by a very quick response time to pathogens, without the need for prior exposure. Therefore, the correct statement in this context is D. Exposure rate of the pathogen does not matter for its maximum effectiveness. The innate immune system launches a non-specific defense shortly after the pathogen enters the body, which does not create a memory of the pathogen and is not specialized for any particular type of pathogen.

The adaptive immune response, on the other hand, is specific to pathogens and has a memory component, but it requires several days to weeks to become established after initial pathogen exposure. The innate immune system must be activated first before the adaptive immune system can be engaged.

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