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Review Questions

1. What are three universal characteristics of a hero based on what you have learned in this unit?

2. What are the four main ways that hero stories are presented in literature?

3. What are the seven hero archetypes? Explain the purpose of one in detail.

4. What are the twelve parts of the heroic journey? Explain the significance of one of them in detail.

5. Explain why heroes are so important to understanding the universal psyche of humans.

Answer :

Three hero characteristics: Courage. Heroes sacrifice their own well-being to help others or fight for a greater cause. Heroes transform as they journey, evolving and growing through important lessons.

What is the universal characteristics of a hero?

Epic hero stories involve grand adventures and larger-than-life characters. Examples include the Odyssey and Beowulf. Tragic hero stories depict admirable characters who meet a tragic fate due to flaws or circumstances.

Romantic hero stories focus on emotional self-discovery and love, like Austen's Pride and Prejudice. Modern hero stories blend fantasy, realism, and complex character development to explore heroism in contemporary contexts.

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Rewritten by : Jeany

"1. Three of the universal characteristics of a hero are:

- Courage: Heroes often display bravery in the face of danger or adversity.

- Selflessness: Heroes are typically portrayed as putting the needs of others before their own.

- Integrity: Heroes are usually depicted as having a strong moral compass and a sense of justice.

2. The four main ways that hero stories are presented in literature are:

- Epic: Long narrative poems that tell the story of a hero's journey, often involving gods or supernatural forces.

- Myth: Traditional stories that explain the beliefs, practices, or natural phenomena of a culture, often featuring heroes with divine ancestry.

- Legend: Stories based on historical events or figures, which may include embellishments and have grown over time.

- Folktale: Narratives that are part of an oral tradition, often including fantastical elements and morals, with characters that may embody heroic archetypes.

3. The seven hero archetypes are:

- The Epic Hero: A larger-than-life figure who often has a divine or superhuman lineage and embarks on a quest that has great importance and significance.

- The Tragic Hero: A character who makes a mistake or is flawed in a way that leads to their downfall, often evoking pity or fear from the audience.

- The Antihero: A protagonist who lacks conventional heroic qualities such as morality or courage, but is compelling in their own right.

- The Romantic Hero: A character who is often an idealized individual with a passion for adventure and a strong sense of personal honor.

- The Classical Hero: A hero from ancient Greek or Roman literature, often characterized by their physical strength, bravery, and nobility.

- The Byronic Hero: A hero similar to the antihero, with a moody, brooding personality and a sense of rebellion against society.

- The Modern Hero: A contemporary character who may not have the traditional heroic traits but is relatable and faces realistic challenges.

The purpose of the Epic Hero, for example, is to embody the values and ideals of their culture, often serving as a role model for others. They undertake significant quests that result in societal benefits, and their journey reflects the cultural and spiritual beliefs of their time.

4. The twelve parts of the heroic journey, also known as the Hero's Journey or the monomyth, are:

- The Ordinary World: The hero's normal life before the adventure begins.

- The Call to Adventure: The hero is faced with a challenge, problem, or adventure to undertake.

- Refusal of the Call: The hero hesitates or refuses the call due to fear, insecurity, or other reasons.

- Meeting with the Mentor: The hero encounters a mentor who provides advice, training, or magical gifts to help on the journey.

- Crossing the Threshold: The hero leaves the ordinary world and enters the world of adventure.

- Tests, Allies, and Enemies: The hero faces challenges, finds friends, and confronts foes.

- Approach to the Inmost Cave: The hero approaches the central crisis of the adventure.

- The Ordeal: The hero faces the greatest challenge yet and experiences death and rebirth.

- The Reward: After surviving the ordeal, the hero claims a reward, often gaining new knowledge or abilities.

- The Road Back: The hero begins the journey back to the ordinary world.

- The Resurrection: The hero faces a final test where everything is at stake, and they must use everything they have learned.

- Return with the Elixir: The hero returns home transformed, with something to share or contribute to the community.

The significance of ""The Ordeal"" is that it represents the point of no return for the hero. It is the moment where the hero must confront their greatest fears and weaknesses. Successfully overcoming this trial signifies personal growth and transformation, and it is often the moment that defines the hero's character and destiny.

5. Heroes are so important to understanding the universal psyche of humans because they serve as models for behavior and represent the ideals and values of a society. Hero stories resonate with people across different cultures and times because they address fundamental human experiences such as the struggle between good and evil, the quest for identity, and the desire for transformation and meaning. Heroes inspire us to overcome our own challenges and to strive for greatness, embodying the potential within every individual to make a positive impact on the world. Through heroes, we explore our own fears, hopes, and dreams, and we learn about the human condition, which is a reflection of our collective consciousness."