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Answer :
Final answer:
A systemic infection occurs when the pathogen spreads throughout the body, in contrast to localized or opportunistic infections. An example of a systemic infection is chickenpox. The correct option is a) Localized infection.
Explanation:
The type of infection that occurs when the pathogen has distributed itself throughout the body, rather than staying in one area or organ, is called a systemic infection. Systemic infections involve the spread of pathogens through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to various parts of the body. An example of a systemic infection is chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, where the virus enters through a mucous membrane and then spreads throughout the body, resulting in widespread skin lesions.
This contrasts with localized infections, which are confined to a small area near the portal of entry, and opportunistic infections, which occur when the body's defenses are weakened. It is characterized by the spread of the infection to various organs or systems through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
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